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  Inflammation or compression of the sciatic nerve adjacent to the piriformis muscle causes the painful condition known as piriformis syndrome (Deep Gluteal Syndrome) SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS The typical piriformis syndrome sufferer experiences "sciatica," which is a sudden, intense pain that radiates from the lower back or buttock into the thigh, calf, and foot. The following conditions are also present in people who have piriformis syndrome, which makes it easier for the physician to identify the underlying cause during an examination: Being unable to sit or bear weight on one side's buttock Piriformis muscle spasm Piriformis muscle discomfort during a rectal examination When the hip is moved and rotated outward against resistance, a discomfort similar to sciatica may occur. CAUSES Injury Abnormal piriformis muscle or sciatic nerve development or placement Improper spinal alignment (such as scoliosis) Difference in leg length (when the legs are of different lengths) Prolonged...